Spinach hybrid svvc5883 and parents thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention provides seeds and plants of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 and spinach line SSB-S019-1303F. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds, plant parts, and tissue cultures of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 and spinach line SSB-S019-1303F and to methods for producing a spinach plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another plant, such as a spinach plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to plants, seeds, plant parts, and tissue cultures of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 and spinach line SSB-S019-1303F comprising introduced beneficial or desirable traits.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of plant breeding and, morespecifically, to the development of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 and spinachline SSB-S019-1303F.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The goal of vegetable breeding is to combine various desirable traits ina single variety. Such desirable traits may include any trait deemedbeneficial or desirable by a grower or consumer, including greateryield, resistance to insects or disease, tolerance to environmentalstress, and nutritional value.

Breeding techniques take advantage of a plant's method of pollination.There are two general methods of pollination: a plant self-pollinates ifpollen from one flower is transferred to the same or another flower ofthe same plant or plant variety. A plant cross-pollinates if pollencomes to it from a flower of a different plant variety.

Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type over manygenerations become homozygous at almost all genetic loci and produce auniform population of true breeding progeny, a homozygous plant. A crossbetween two such homozygous plants of different genotypes produces auniform population of hybrid plants that are heterozygous for manygenetic loci. Conversely, a cross of two plants each heterozygous at anumber of loci produces a population of hybrid plants that differgenetically and are not uniform. The resulting non-uniformity makesperformance unpredictable.

The development of uniform varieties requires the development ofhomozygous inbred plants, the crossing of these inbred plants, and theevaluation of the crosses. Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection areexamples of breeding methods that have been used to develop inbredplants from breeding populations. Those breeding methods combine thegenetic backgrounds from two or more plants or various other broad-basedsources into breeding pools from which new lines and hybrids derivedtherefrom are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes.The new lines and hybrids are evaluated to determine which of those havecommercial potential.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention provides a spinach plant of spinachhybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F. Also provided arespinach plants having all the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of such a plant. Parts of these spinach plants are alsoprovided, for example, including pollen, an ovule, an embryo, a seed, ascion, a rootstock, a fruit, and a cell of the plant.

In another aspect of the invention, a plant of spinach hybrid SVVC5883or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F comprising an added heritable trait isprovided. The heritable trait may comprise a genetic locus that is, forexample, a dominant or recessive allele. In one embodiment of theinvention, a plant of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F is defined as comprising a single locus conversion. Inspecific embodiments of the invention, an added genetic locus confersone or more traits such as, for example, herbicide tolerance, insectresistance, disease resistance, and modified carbohydrate metabolism. Infurther embodiments, the trait may be conferred by a naturally occurringgene introduced into the genome of a line by backcrossing, a natural orinduced mutation, or a transgene introduced through genetictransformation techniques into the plant or a progenitor of any previousgeneration thereof. When introduced through transformation, a geneticlocus may comprise one or more genes integrated at a single chromosomallocation.

In some embodiments, a single locus conversion includes one or moresite-specific changes to the plant genome, such as, without limitation,one or more nucleotide modifications, deletions, or insertions. A singlelocus may comprise one or more genes or nucleotides integrated ormutated at a single chromosomal location. In one embodiment, a singlelocus conversion may be introduced by a genetic engineering technique,methods of which include, for example, genome editing with engineerednucleases (GEEN). Engineered nucleases include, but are not limited to,Cas endonucleases; zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs); transcriptionactivator-like effector nucleases (TALENs); engineered meganucleases,also known as homing endonucleases; and other endonucleases for DNA orRNA-guided genome editing that are well-known to the skilled artisan.

The invention also concerns the seed of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 orspinach line SSB-S019-1303F. The seed of the invention may be providedas an essentially homogeneous population of seed of spinach hybridSVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F. Essentially homogeneouspopulations of seed are generally free from substantial numbers of otherseed. Therefore, seed of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F may be defined as forming at least about 97% of the totalseed, including at least about 98%, 99%, or more of the seed. The seedpopulation may be separately grown to provide an essentially homogeneouspopulation of spinach plants designated SVVC5883 or SSB-S019-1303F.

In yet another aspect of the invention, a tissue culture of regenerablecells of a spinach plant of hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F is provided. The tissue culture will preferably becapable of regenerating spinach plants capable of expressing all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of the starting plantand of regenerating plants having substantially the same genotype as thestarting plant. Examples of some of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F include those traits set forth in the tables herein. Theregenerable cells in such tissue cultures may be derived, for example,from embryos, meristems, cotyledons, pollen, leaves, anthers, roots,root tips, pistils, flowers, seed, and stalks. Still further, thepresent invention provides spinach plants regenerated from a tissueculture of the invention, the plants having all the physiological andmorphological characteristics of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F.

In still yet another aspect of the invention, processes are provided forproducing spinach seeds, plants, and fruit, which processes generallycomprise crossing a first parent spinach plant with a second parentspinach plant, wherein at least one of the first or second parent plantsis a plant of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F.These processes may be further exemplified as processes for preparinghybrid spinach seed or plants, wherein a first spinach plant is crossedwith a second spinach plant of a different, distinct genotype to providea hybrid that has, as one of its parents, a plant of spinach hybridSVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F. In these processes, crossingwill result in the production of seed. The seed production occursregardless of whether the seed is collected or not.

In one embodiment of the invention, the first step in “crossing”comprises planting seeds of a first and second parent spinach plant,often in proximity so that pollination will occur for example, mediatedby insect vectors. Alternatively, pollen can be transferred manually.Where the plant is self-pollinated, pollination may occur without theneed for direct human intervention other than plant cultivation.

A second step may comprise cultivating or growing the seeds of first andsecond parent spinach plants into plants that bear flowers. A third stepmay comprise preventing self-pollination of the plants, such as byemasculating the flowers (i.e., killing or removing the pollen).

A fourth step for a hybrid cross may comprise cross-pollination betweenthe first and second parent spinach plants. Yet another step comprisesharvesting the seeds from at least one of the parent spinach plants. Theharvested seed can be grown to produce a spinach plant or hybrid spinachplant.

The present invention also provides the spinach seeds and plantsproduced by a process that comprises crossing a first parent spinachplant with a second parent spinach plant, wherein at least one of thefirst or second parent spinach plants is a plant of spinach hybridSVVC5883, spinach line SSB-S019-1303F, or spinach line SSB-S015-1249M.In one embodiment of the invention, spinach seed and plants produced bythe process are first generation (F₁) hybrid spinach seed and plantsproduced by crossing a plant in accordance with the invention withanother, distinct plant. The present invention further contemplatesplant parts of such an F₁ hybrid spinach plant, and methods of usethereof. Therefore, certain exemplary embodiments of the inventionprovide an Fi hybrid spinach plant and seed thereof.

In still yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method ofproducing a plant derived from spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing aprogeny plant derived from spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F, wherein said preparing comprises crossing a plant ofspinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F with a secondplant; and (b) crossing the progeny plant with itself or a second plantto produce a seed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generation. Infurther embodiments, the method may additionally comprise: (c) growing aprogeny plant of a subsequent generation from said seed of a progenyplant of a subsequent generation and crossing the progeny plant of asubsequent generation with itself or a second plant; and repeating thesteps for an additional 3-10 generations to produce a plant derived fromspinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F. The plantderived from spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F maybe an inbred line, and the aforementioned repeated crossing steps may bedefined as comprising sufficient inbreeding to produce the inbred line.In the method, it may be desirable to select particular plants resultingfrom step (c) for continued crossing according to steps (b) and (c). Byselecting plants having one or more desirable traits, a plant derivedfrom spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F is obtainedwhich possesses some of the desirable traits of the line/hybrid as wellas potentially other selected traits.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a method ofproducing food or feed comprising: (a) obtaining a plant of spinachhybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F, wherein the plant hasbeen cultivated to maturity, and (b) collecting at least one spinachfrom the plant.

In still yet another aspect of the invention, the genetic complement ofspinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F is provided. Thephrase “genetic complement” is used to refer to the aggregate ofnucleotide sequences, the expression of which sequences defines thephenotype of, in the present case, a spinach plant, or a cell or tissueof that plant. A genetic complement thus represents the genetic makeupof a cell, tissue or plant, and a hybrid genetic complement representsthe genetic make-up of a hybrid cell, tissue or plant. The inventionthus provides spinach plant cells that have a genetic complement inaccordance with the spinach plant cells disclosed herein, and seeds andplants containing such cells.

Plant genetic complements may be assessed by genetic marker profiles,and by the expression of phenotypic traits that are characteristic ofthe expression of the genetic complement, e.g., isozyme typing profiles.It is understood that spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F could be identified by any of the many well-knowntechniques such as, for example, Simple Sequence Length Polymorphisms(SSLPs) (Williams et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 1 8:6531-6535, 1990),Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), DNA AmplificationFingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs),Arbitrary Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), Amplified FragmentLength Polymorphisms (AFLPs) (EP 534 858, specifically incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety), and Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNPs) (Wang et al., Science, 280:1077-1082, 1998).

In still yet another aspect, the present invention provides hybridgenetic complements, as represented by spinach plant cells, tissues,plants, and seeds, formed by the combination of a haploid geneticcomplement of a spinach plant of the invention with a haploid geneticcomplement of a second spinach plant, preferably, another, distinctspinach plant. In another aspect, the present invention provides aspinach plant regenerated from a tissue culture that comprises a hybridgenetic complement of this invention.

Any embodiment discussed herein with respect to one aspect of theinvention applies to other aspects of the invention as well, unlessspecifically noted.

The term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes the standarddeviation of the mean for the device or method being employed todetermine the value. The use of the term “or” in the claims is used tomean “and/or” unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives onlyor the alternatives are mutually exclusive. When used in conjunctionwith the word “comprising” or other open language in the claims, thewords “a” and “an” denote “one or more,” unless specifically notedotherwise. The terms “comprise,” “have,” and “include” are open-endedlinking verbs. Any forms or tenses of one or more of these verbs, suchas “comprises,” “comprising,” “has,” “having,” “includes,” and“including,” are also open-ended. For example, any method that“comprises,” “has,” or “includes” one or more steps is not limited topossessing only those one or more steps and also covers other unlistedsteps. Similarly, any plant that “comprises,” “has,” or “includes” oneor more traits is not limited to possessing only those one or moretraits and covers other unlisted traits.

Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent from the following detailed description. It should beunderstood, however, that the detailed description and any specificexamples provided, while indicating specific embodiments of theinvention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changesand modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art from this detaileddescription.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides methods and compositions relating to plants,seeds, and derivatives of spinach hybrid SVVC5883, spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F, and spinach line SSB-S015-1249M.

Spinach hybrid SVVC5883 is a very slow maturing, smooth spinach varietyfor the open field market. The hybrid produces thick, erect, smooth darkgreen leaves with high yield. Spinach hybrid SVVC5883 comprises highresistance to Downy Mildew races Pe1-7,9-18 and intermediate resistanceto Stemphylium beticola.

Spinach line SSB-S019-1303F is a very late bolting monecious female linefor the open field and processing markets. The line comprises highresistance to Downy Mildew races Pel-7, 9, 11, 13, 15-16, 18.

A. Origin and Breeding History of Spinach Hybrid SVVC5883

The parents of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 are spinach line SSB-S019-1303Fand spinach line SSB-S015-1249M. The parent lines are uniform andstable, as is a hybrid produced therefrom. A small percentage ofvariants can occur within commercially acceptable limits for almost anycharacteristic during the course of repeated multiplication. However novariants are expected.

B. Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Spinach HybridSVVC5883 and Spinach Line SSB-5019-1303F

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there areprovided plants having the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F. Descriptions of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of such plants are presented in the tables that follow.

TABLE 1 Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of SpinachHybrid SVVC5883 CHARACTERISTIC SVVC5883 Caladonia Ploidy diploid diploidSeedling Cotyledon length (mm) 53.4 53.4 length short short width (mm)6.6 5.8 tip pointed pointed color medium green medium green color (RHSColor Chart Value) 146b 147b Leaf (First Foliage Leaves) shape circularovate base straight straight tip round round margin slightly curledslightly curled upper surface color medium green medium green color (RHSColor Chart Value) 146a 146a lower surface color (compared lighterlighter with upper surface) color (RHS Color Chart Value) 146b 146bMaturity growth rate medium medium days from planting to prime 46 46market stage Plant (Prime Market Stage) habit flat flat size mediummedium spread (cm) 47.3 47.1 height (cm) 13.0 13.1 Leaf (Prime MarketStage) surface semi-savoy semi-savoy anthocyanin coloration of absentabsent petioles and veins blade, intensity of green color medium/darkmedium/dark blade blistering medium weak/medium blade lobing absent orvery weak weak petiole attitude horizontal horizontal petiole lengthshort short blade attitude semi-erect horizontal leaf shape ellipticovate blade shape (excluding basal lobes) broad elliptic broad ovateblade, curving of margin incurved incurved blade, shape of apex roundedrounded blade shape in longitudinal section concave flat base lobedlobed tip round round margin slightly curved slightly curved uppersurface color medium green medium green color (RHS Color Chart Value)146a 146a lower surface color (compared lighter lighter with uppersurface) color (RHS Color Chart Value) 146b 146b luster dull dull bladesize large large petiole color light green light green color (RHS ColorChart Value) 144a 144a petiole red pigmentation absent absent petiolelength to the blade (cm) 6.6 5.9 petiole diameter (mm) 9.3 8.3 petiolediameter large large Seed Stalk Development start of bolting (10% ofplants) late late time of start of bolting (spring very late very latesown crop, 15% of plants) height of stalk (cm) 75.3 65.5 leaves on stalkof female plant many many leaves on stalk of male plant n/a manyproportion of female plants very high low plants that are female(percentage) 91-100% 11-35% plants that are male (percentage) 0-10%11-35% proportion of male plants absent or very low low plants that aremonoecious 0-10% 11-35% (percentage) proportion of monoecious plantsabsent or very low low Seed surface smooth smooth spines (harvestedseed) absent absent These are typical values. Values may vary due toenvironment. Values that are substantially equivalent are within thescope of the invention.

TABLE 2 Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Spinach LineSSB-S019-1303F CHARACTERISTIC SSB-S019-1303F SSB-66-1066F Ploidy diploiddiploid Seedling Cotyledon length (mm) 7.0 6.3 length short short width(mm) 53.7 51.9 tip pointed pointed color medium green medium green color(RHS Color Chart Value) 146b 147b Leaf (First Foliage Leaves) shapeovate ovate base straight v-shape tip round round margin curled underslightly curled upper surface color dark green dark green color (RHSColor Chart Value) 147a 147a lower surface color (compared lighterlighter with upper surface) color (RHS Color Chart Value) 147b 147bMaturity growth rate slow slow days from planting to 50 52 prime marketstage Plant (Prime Market Stage) habit semi-erect flat size mediummedium spread (cm) 42.7 38.4 height (cm) 13.5 10.1 Leaf (Prime MarketStage) surface smooth smooth anthocyanin coloration of petioles absentabsent and veins blade, intensity of green color dark dark bladeblistering medium strong blade lobing weak weak petiole attitudesemi-erect horizontal petiole length short short blade attitudehorizontal horizontal leaf shape circular ovate blade shape (excludingbasal lobes) circular broad ovate blade, curving of margin incurvedrecurved blade, shape of apex rounded rounded blade shape inlongitudinal section flat flat base lobed lobed tip round round marginslightly curved curled under upper surface color medium green dark greencolor (RHS Color Chart Value) 146a 147a lower surface color (comparedlighter lighter with upper surface) color (RHS Color Chart Value) 146b147b blade size medium medium petiole color light green light greencolor (RHS Color Chart Value) 144a 144a petiole red pigmentation absentabsent petiole length to the blade (cm) 5.7 5.4 petiole diameter (mm)8.0 8.0 petiole diameter medium medium Seed Stalk Development start ofbolting (10% of plants) late late time of start of bolting (spring verylate very late sown crop, 15% of plants) height of stalk (cm) 58.0 53.0leaves on stalk of female plant many many leaves on stalk of male plantn/a n/a proportion of female plants very high very high plants that arefemale (percentage) 91-100% 91-100% plants that are male (percentage)0-10% 0-10% proportion of male plants absent or very low absent or verylow plants that are monoecious 0-10% 0-10% (percentage) proportion ofmonoecious plants absent or very low absent or very low Seed surfacesmooth smooth spines (harvested seed) absent absent These are typicalvalues. Values may vary due to environment. Values that aresubstantially equivalent are within the scope of the invention.

C. Breeding Spinach Plants

One aspect of the current invention concerns methods for producing seedof spinach hybrid SVVC5883 involving crossing spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F and spinach line SSB-S015-1249M. Alternatively, in otherembodiments of the invention, spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F may be crossed with itself or with any second plant. Suchmethods can be used for propagation of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 orspinach line SSB-S019-1303F or can be used to produce plants that arederived from spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F.Plants derived from spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F may be used, in certain embodiments, for the developmentof new spinach varieties.

The development of new varieties using one or more starting varieties iswell- known in the art. In accordance with the invention, novelvarieties may be created by crossing spinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinachline SSB-S019-1303F followed by multiple generations of breedingaccording to such well-known methods. New varieties may be created bycrossing with any second plant. In selecting such a second plant tocross for the purpose of developing novel lines, it may be desired tochoose those plants which either themselves exhibit one or more selecteddesirable characteristics or which exhibit the desired characteristic(s)when in hybrid combination. Once initial crosses have been made,inbreeding and selection take place to produce new varieties. Fordevelopment of a uniform line, often five or more generations of selfingand selection are involved.

Uniform lines of new varieties may also be developed by way ofdouble-haploids. This technique allows the creation of true breedinglines without the need for multiple generations of selfing andselection. In this manner true breeding lines can be produced in aslittle as one generation. Haploid embryos may be produced frommicrospores, pollen, anther cultures, or ovary cultures. The haploidembryos may then be doubled autonomously, or by chemical treatments(e.g., colchicine treatment). Alternatively, haploid embryos may begrown into haploid plants and treated to induce chromosome doubling. Ineither case, fertile homozygous plants are obtained. In accordance withthe invention, any of such techniques may be used in connection with aplant of the invention and progeny thereof to achieve a homozygous line.

Backcrossing can also be used to improve an inbred plant. Backcrossingtransfers a specific desirable trait from one inbred or non-inbredsource to an inbred that lacks that trait. This can be accomplished, forexample, by first crossing a superior inbred (A) (recurrent parent) to adonor inbred (non-recurrent parent), which carries the appropriate locusor loci for the trait in question. The progeny of this cross are thenmated back to the superior recurrent parent (A) followed by selection inthe resultant progeny for the desired trait to be transferred from thenon-recurrent parent. After five or more backcross generations withselection for the desired trait, the progeny have the characteristicbeing transferred, but are like the superior parent for most or almostall other loci. The last backcross generation would be selfed to givepure breeding progeny for the trait being transferred.

The plants of the present invention are particularly well suited for thedevelopment of new lines based on the elite nature of the geneticbackground of the plants. In selecting a second plant to cross withspinach hybrid SVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F for the purposeof developing novel spinach lines, it will typically be preferred tochoose those plants which either themselves exhibit one or more selecteddesirable characteristics or which exhibit the desired characteristic(s)when in hybrid combination. Examples of desirable traits may include, inspecific embodiments, high seed yield, high seed germination, seedlingvigor, high fruit yield, disease tolerance or resistance, andadaptability for soil and climate conditions. Consumer-driven traits,such as a fruit shape, color, texture, and taste are other examples oftraits that may be incorporated into new lines of spinach plantsdeveloped by this invention.

D. Further Embodiments of the Invention

In certain aspects of the invention, plants described herein areprovided modified to include at least a first desired heritable trait.Such plants may, in one embodiment, be developed by a plant breedingtechnique called backcrossing, wherein essentially all of themorphological and physiological characteristics of a variety arerecovered in addition to a genetic locus transferred into the plant viathe backcrossing technique. The term single locus converted plant asused herein refers to those spinach plants which are developed by aplant breeding technique called backcrossing or by genetic engineering,wherein essentially all of the morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics of a variety are recovered or conserved in addition tothe single locus introduced into the variety via the backcrossing orgenetic engineering technique, respectively. By essentially all of themorphological and physiological characteristics, it is meant that thecharacteristics of a plant are recovered or conserved that are otherwisepresent when compared in the same environment, other than an occasionalvariant trait that might arise during backcrossing, introduction of atransgene, or application of a genetic engineering technique.

Backcrossing methods can be used with the present invention to improveor introduce a characteristic into the present variety. The parentalspinach plant which contributes the locus for the desired characteristicis termed the nonrecurrent or donor parent. This terminology refers tothe fact that the nonrecurrent parent is used one time in the backcrossprotocol and therefore does not recur. The parental spinach plant towhich the locus or loci from the nonrecurrent parent are transferred isknown as the recurrent parent as it is used for several rounds in thebackcrossing protocol.

In a typical backcross protocol, the original variety of interest(recurrent parent) is crossed to a second variety (nonrecurrent parent)that carries the single locus of interest to be transferred. Theresulting progeny from this cross are then crossed again to therecurrent parent and the process is repeated until a spinach plant isobtained wherein essentially all of the morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics of the recurrent parent are recovered in the convertedplant, in addition to the single transferred locus from the nonrecurrentparent.

The selection of a suitable recurrent parent is an important step for asuccessful backcrossing procedure. The goal of a backcross protocol isto alter or substitute a single trait or characteristic in the originalvariety. To accomplish this, a single locus of the recurrent variety ismodified or substituted with the desired locus from the nonrecurrentparent, while retaining essentially all of the rest of the desiredgenetic, and therefore the desired physiological and morphologicalconstitution of the original variety. The choice of the particularnonrecurrent parent will depend on the purpose of the backcross; one ofthe major purposes is to add some commercially desirable trait to theplant. The exact backcrossing protocol will depend on the characteristicor trait being altered and the genetic distance between the recurrentand nonrecurrent parents. Although backcrossing methods are simplifiedwhen the characteristic being transferred is a dominant allele, arecessive allele, or an additive allele (between recessive anddominant), may also be transferred. In this instance it may be necessaryto introduce a test of the progeny to determine if the desiredcharacteristic has been successfully transferred.

In one embodiment, progeny spinach plants of a backcross in which aplant described herein is the recurrent parent comprise (i) the desiredtrait from the non-recurrent parent and (ii) all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of spinach the recurrent parent asdetermined at the 5% significance level when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions.

New varieties can also be developed from more than two parents. Thetechnique, known as modified backcrossing, uses different recurrentparents during the backcrossing. Modified backcrossing may be used toreplace the original recurrent parent with a variety having certain moredesirable characteristics or multiple parents may be used to obtaindifferent desirable characteristics from each.

With the development of molecular markers associated with particulartraits, it is possible to add additional traits into an established germline, such as represented here, with the end result being substantiallythe same base germplasm with the addition of a new trait or traits.Molecular breeding, as described in Moose and Mumm, 2008 (PlantPhysiol., 147: 969-977), for example, and elsewhere, provides amechanism for integrating single or multiple traits or QTL into an eliteline. This molecular breeding-facilitated movement of a trait or traitsinto an elite line may encompass incorporation of a particular genomicfragment associated with a particular trait of interest into the eliteline by the mechanism of identification of the integrated genomicfragment with the use of flanking or associated marker assays. In theembodiment represented here, one, two, three or four genomic loci, forexample, may be integrated into an elite line via this methodology. Whenthis elite line containing the additional loci is further crossed withanother parental elite line to produce hybrid offspring, it is possibleto then incorporate at least eight separate additional loci into thehybrid. These additional loci may confer, for example, such traits as adisease resistance or a fruit quality trait. In one embodiment, eachlocus may confer a separate trait. In another embodiment, loci may needto be homozygous and exist in each parent line to confer a trait in thehybrid. In yet another embodiment, multiple loci may be combined toconfer a single robust phenotype of a desired trait.

Many single locus traits have been identified that are not regularlyselected for in the development of a new inbred but that can be improvedby backcrossing techniques. Single locus traits may or may not betransgenic; examples of these traits include, but are not limited to,herbicide resistance, resistance to bacterial, fungal, or viral disease,insect resistance, modified fatty acid or carbohydrate metabolism, andaltered nutritional quality. These comprise genes generally inheritedthrough the nucleus.

Direct selection may be applied where the single locus acts as adominant trait. For this selection process, the progeny of the initialcross are assayed for viral resistance or the presence of thecorresponding gene prior to the backcrossing. Selection eliminates anyplants that do not have the desired gene and resistance trait, and onlythose plants that have the trait are used in the subsequent backcross.This process is then repeated for all additional backcross generations.

Selection of spinach plants for breeding is not necessarily dependent onthe phenotype of a plant and instead can be based on geneticinvestigations. For example, one can utilize a suitable genetic markerwhich is closely genetically linked to a trait of interest. One of thesemarkers can be used to identify the presence or absence of a trait inthe offspring of a particular cross, and can be used in selection ofprogeny for continued breeding. This technique is commonly referred toas marker assisted selection. Any other type of genetic marker or otherassay which is able to identify the relative presence or absence of atrait of interest in a plant can also be useful for breeding purposes.Procedures for marker assisted selection are well known in the art. Suchmethods will be of particular utility in the case of recessive traitsand variable phenotypes, or where conventional assays may be moreexpensive, time consuming, or otherwise disadvantageous. In addition,marker assisted selection may be used to identify plants comprisingdesirable genotypes at the seed, seedling, or plant stage, to identifyor assess the purity of a cultivar, to catalog the genetic diversity ofa germplasm collection, and to monitor specific alleles or haplotypeswithin an established cultivar.

Types of genetic markers which could be used in accordance with theinvention include, but are not necessarily limited to, Simple SequenceLength Polymorphisms (SSLPs) (Williams et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 18:6531-6535, 1990), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), DNAAmplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized AmplifiedRegions (SCARs), Arbitrary Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR),Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) (EP 534 858,specifically incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), andSingle Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (Wang et al., Science,280:1077-1082, 1998).

In particular embodiments of the invention, marker assisted selection isused to increase the efficiency of a backcrossing breeding scheme forproducing a spinach line comprising a desired trait. This technique iscommonly referred to as marker assisted backcrossing (MABC). Thistechnique is well-known in the art and may involve, for example, the useof three or more levels of selection, including foreground selection toidentity the presence of a desired locus, which may complement orreplace phenotype screening protocols; recombinant selection to minimizelinkage drag; and background selection to maximize recurrent parentgenome recovery.

E. Plants Derived by Genetic Engineering

Various genetic engineering technologies have been developed and may beused by those of skill in the art to introduce traits in plants. Incertain aspects of the claimed invention, traits are introduced intospinach plants via altering or introducing a single genetic locus ortransgene into the genome of a recited variety or progenitor thereof.Methods of genetic engineering to modify, delete, or insert genes andpolynucleotides into the genomic DNA of plants are well-known in theart.

In specific embodiments of the invention, improved spinach lines can becreated through the site-specific modification of a plant genome.Methods of genetic engineering include, for example, utilizingsequence-specific nucleases such as zinc-finger nucleases (see, forexample, U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2011-0203012); engineered or nativemeganucleases; TALE-endonucleases (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos.8,586,363 and 9,181,535); and RNA-guided endonucleases, such as those ofthe CRISPR/Cas systems (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,697,359 and8,771,945 and U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2014-0068797). One embodiment ofthe invention thus relates to utilizing a nuclease or any associatedprotein to carry out genome modification. This nuclease could beprovided heterologously within donor template DNA for templated-genomicediting or in a separate molecule or vector. A recombinant DNA constructmay also comprise a sequence encoding one or more guide RNAs to directthe nuclease to the site within the plant genome to be modified. Furthermethods for altering or introducing a single genetic locus include, forexample, utilizing single-stranded oligonucleotides to introduce basepair modifications in a spinach plant genome (see, for example Sauer etal., Plant Physiol, 170(4):1917-1928, 2016).

Methods for site-directed alteration or introduction of a single geneticlocus are well-known in the art and include those that utilizesequence-specific nucleases, such as the aforementioned, or complexes ofproteins and guide-RNA that cut genomic DNA to produce a double-strandbreak (DSB) or nick at a genetic locus. As is well-understood in theart, during the process of repairing the DSB or nick introduced by thenuclease enzyme, a donor template, transgene, or expression cassettepolynucleotide may become integrated into the genome at the site of theDSB or nick. The presence of homology arms in the DNA to be integratedmay promote the adoption and targeting of the insertion sequence intothe plant genome during the repair process through homologousrecombination or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).

In another embodiment of the invention, genetic transformation may beused to insert a selected transgene into a plant of the invention ormay, alternatively, be used for the preparation of transgenes which canbe introduced by backcrossing. Methods for the transformation of plantsthat are well-known to those of skill in the art and applicable to manycrop species include, but are not limited to, electroporation,microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, anddirect DNA uptake by protoplasts.

To effect transformation by electroporation, one may employ eitherfriable tissues, such as a suspension culture of cells or embryogeniccallus or alternatively one may transform immature embryos or otherorganized tissue directly. In this technique, one would partiallydegrade the cell walls of the chosen cells by exposing them topectin-degrading enzymes (pectolyases) or mechanically wound tissues ina controlled manner.

An efficient method for delivering transforming DNA segments to plantcells is microprojectile bombardment. In this method, particles arecoated with nucleic acids and delivered into cells by a propellingforce. Exemplary particles include those comprised of tungsten,platinum, and preferably, gold. For the bombardment, cells in suspensionare concentrated on filters or solid culture medium. Alternatively,immature embryos or other target cells may be arranged on solid culturemedium. The cells to be bombarded are positioned at an appropriatedistance below the macroprojectile stopping plate.

An illustrative embodiment of a method for delivering DNA into plantcells by acceleration is the Biolistics Particle Delivery System, whichcan be used to propel particles coated with DNA or cells through ascreen, such as a stainless steel or Nytex screen, onto a surfacecovered with target cells. The screen disperses the particles so thatthey are not delivered to the recipient cells in large aggregates.Microprojectile bombardment techniques are widely applicable, and may beused to transform virtually any plant species.

Agrobacterium-mediated transfer is another widely applicable system forintroducing gene loci into plant cells. An advantage of the technique isthat DNA can be introduced into whole plant tissues, thereby bypassingthe need for regeneration of an intact plant from a protoplast. ModernAgrobacterium transformation vectors are capable of replication in E.coli as well as Agrobacterium, allowing for convenient manipulations(Klee et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 3(7):637-642, 1985). Moreover, recenttechnological advances in vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated genetransfer have improved the arrangement of genes and restriction sites inthe vectors to facilitate the construction of vectors capable ofexpressing various polypeptide coding genes. The vectors described haveconvenient multi-linker regions flanked by a promoter and apolyadenylation site for direct expression of inserted polypeptidecoding genes. Additionally, Agrobacterium containing both armed anddisarmed Ti genes can be used for transformation.

In those plant strains where Agrobacterium-mediated transformation isefficient, it is the method of choice because of the facile and definednature of the gene locus transfer. The use of Agrobacterium-mediatedplant integrating vectors to introduce DNA into plant cells is wellknown in the art (Fraley et al., Nat. Biotechnol., 3:629-635, 1985; U.S.Pat. No. 5,563,055).

Transformation of plant protoplasts also can be achieved using methodsbased on calcium phosphate precipitation, polyethylene glycol treatment,electroporation, and combinations of these treatments (see, for example,Potrykus et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 199:183-188, 1985; Omirulleh et al.,Plant Mol. Biol., 21(3):415-428, 1993; Fromm et al., Nature,312:791-793, 1986; Uchimiya et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 204:204, 1986;Marcotte et al., Nature, 335:454, 1988). Transformation of plants andexpression of foreign genetic elements is exemplified in Choi et al.(Plant Cell Rep., 13:344-348, 1994), and Ellul et al. (Theor. Appl.Genet., 107:462-469, 2003).

A number of promoters have utility for plant gene expression for anygene of interest including but not limited to selectable markers,scoreable markers, genes for pest tolerance, disease resistance,nutritional enhancements and any other gene of agronomic interest.Examples of constitutive promoters useful for plant gene expressioninclude, but are not limited to, the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)P-35S promoter, which confers constitutive, high-level expression inmost plant tissues (see, for example, Odel et al., Nature, 313:810,1985), including in monocots (see, for example, Dekeyser et al., PlantCell, 2:591, 1990; Terada and Shimamoto, Mol. Gen. Genet., 220:389,1990); a tandemly duplicated version of the CaMV 35S promoter, theenhanced 35S promoter (P-e35S); the nopaline synthase promoter (An etal., Plant Physiol., 88:547, 1988); the octopine synthase promoter(Fromm et al., Plant Cell, 1:977, 1989); the figwort mosaic virus(P-FMV) promoter as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,378,619; an enhancedversion of the FMV promoter (P-eFMV) where the promoter sequence ofP-FMV is duplicated in tandem; the cauliflower mosaic virus 19Spromoter; a sugarcane bacilliform virus promoter; a commelina yellowmottle virus promoter; and other plant virus promoters known to expressin plant cells.

A variety of plant gene promoters that are regulated in response toenvironmental, hormonal, chemical, or developmental signals can also beused for expression of an operably linked gene in plant cells, includingpromoters regulated by (1) heat (Callis et al., Plant Physiol., 88:965,1988), (2) light (e.g., pea rbcS-3A promoter, Kuhlemeier et al., PlantCell, 1:471, 1989; maize rbcS promoter, Schaffner and Sheen, Plant Cell,3:997, 1991; or chlorophyll a/b-binding protein promoter, Simpson etal., EMBO J., 4:2723, 1985), (3) hormones, such as abscisic acid(Marcotte et al., Plant Cell, 1:969, 1989), (4) wounding (e.g., wunl,Siebertz et al., Plant Cell, 1:961, 1989); or (5) chemicals, such asmethyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, or Safener. It may also beadvantageous to employ organ-specific promoters (e.g., Roshal et al.,EMBO J., 6:1155, 1987; Schernthaner et al., EMBO J., 7:1249, 1988;Bustos et al., Plant Cell, 1:839, 1989).

Exemplary nucleic acids which may be introduced to plants of thisinvention include, for example, DNA sequences or genes from anotherspecies, or even genes or sequences which originate with or are presentin the same species, but are incorporated into recipient cells bygenetic engineering methods rather than classical reproduction orbreeding techniques. However, the term “exogenous” is also intended torefer to genes that are not normally present in the cell beingtransformed, or perhaps simply not present in the form, structure, etc.,as found in the transforming DNA segment or gene, or genes which arenormally present and that one desires to express in a manner thatdiffers from the natural expression pattern, e.g., to over-express.Thus, the term “exogenous” gene or DNA is intended to refer to any geneor DNA segment that is introduced into a recipient cell, regardless ofwhether a similar gene may already be present in such a cell. The typeof DNA included in the exogenous DNA can include DNA which is alreadypresent in the plant cell, DNA from another plant, DNA from a differentorganism, or a DNA generated externally, such as a DNA sequencecontaining an antisense message of a gene, or a DNA sequence encoding asynthetic or modified version of a gene.

Many hundreds if not thousands of different genes are known and couldpotentially be introduced into a spinach plant according to theinvention. Non-limiting examples of particular genes and correspondingphenotypes one may choose to introduce into a spinach plant include oneor more genes for insect tolerance, such as a Bacillus thuringiensis(B.t.) gene, pest tolerance such as genes for fungal disease control,herbicide tolerance such as genes conferring glyphosate tolerance, andgenes for quality improvements such as yield, nutritional enhancements,environmental or stress tolerances, or any desirable changes in plantphysiology, growth, development, morphology or plant product(s). Forexample, structural genes would include any gene that confers insecttolerance including but not limited to a Bacillus insect control proteingene as described in WO 99/31248, herein incorporated by reference inits entirety, U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,052, herein incorporated by referencein its entirety, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,500,365 and 5,880,275, hereinincorporated by reference in their entirety. In another embodiment, thestructural gene can confer tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate asconferred by genes including, but not limited to Agrobacterium strainCP4 glyphosate resistant EPSPS gene (aroA:CP4) as described in U.S. Pat.No. 5,633,435, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, orglyphosate oxidoreductase gene (GOX) as described in U.S. Pat. No.5,463,175, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Alternatively, the DNA coding sequences can affect these phenotypes byencoding a non-translatable RNA molecule that causes the targetedinhibition of expression of an endogenous gene, for example viaantisense- or cosuppression-mediated mechanisms (see, for example, Birdet al., Biotech. Gen. Engin. Rev., 9:207, 1991). The RNA could also be acatalytic RNA molecule (i.e., a ribozyme) engineered to cleave a desiredendogenous mRNA product (see, for example, Gibson and Shillito, Mol.Biotech., 7:125,1997). Thus, any gene which produces a protein or mRNAwhich expresses a phenotype or morphology change of interest is usefulfor the practice of the present invention.

F. Definitions

In the description and tables herein, a number of terms are used. Inorder to provide a clear and consistent understanding of thespecification and claims, the following definitions are provided:

Allele: Any of one or more alternative forms of a genetic locus, all ofwhich alleles relate to one trait or characteristic. In a diploid cellor organism, the two alleles of a given gene occupy corresponding locion a pair of homologous chromosomes.

Backcrossing: A process in which a breeder repeatedly crosses hybridprogeny, for example a first generation hybrid (Fi), back to one of theparents of the hybrid progeny. Backcrossing can be used to introduce oneor more single locus conversions or transgenes from one geneticbackground into another.

Crossing: The mating of two parent plants.

Cross-Pollination: Fertilization by the union of two gametes fromdifferent plants.

Diploid: A cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes.

Emasculate: The removal of plant male sex organs or the inactivation ofthe organs with a cytoplasmic or nuclear genetic factor or a chemicalagent conferring male sterility.

Enzymes: Molecules which can act as catalysts in biological reactions.

F₁ Hybrid: The first generation progeny of the cross of two nonisogenicplants.

Genotype: The genetic constitution of a cell or organism.

Haploid: A cell or organism having one set of the two sets ofchromosomes in a diploid.

Linkage: A phenomenon wherein alleles on the same chromosome tend tosegregate together more often than expected by chance if theirtransmission was independent.

Marker: A readily detectable phenotype, preferably inherited incodominant fashion (both alleles at a locus in a diploid heterozygoteare readily detectable), with no environmental variance component, i.e.,heritability of 1.

Phenotype: The detectable characteristics of a cell or organism, whichcharacteristics are the manifestation of gene expression.

Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL): Quantitative trait loci (QTL) refer togenetic loci that control to some degree numerically representabletraits that are usually continuously distributed.

Resistance: As used herein, the terms “resistance” and “tolerance” areused interchangeably to describe plants that show no symptoms to aspecified biotic pest, pathogen, abiotic influence, or environmentalcondition. These terms are also used to describe plants showing somesymptoms but that are still able to produce marketable product with anacceptable yield. Some plants that are referred to as resistant ortolerant are only so in the sense that they may still produce a crop,even though the plants are stunted and the yield is reduced.

Regeneration: The development of a plant from tissue culture.

Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Color Chart Value: The RHS Color Chartis a standardized reference which allows accurate identification of anycolor. A color's designation on the chart describes its hue, brightness,and saturation. A color is precisely named by the RHS Color Chart byidentifying the group name, sheet number, and letter, e.g.,Yellow-Orange Group 19A or Red Group 41B.

Self-Pollination: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigmaof the same plant.

Single Locus Converted (Conversion) Plant: Plants which are developed bya plant breeding technique called backcrossing or genetic engineering ofa locus, wherein essentially all of the morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics of a spinach variety are recovered in addition to thecharacteristics of the single locus.

Substantially Equivalent: A characteristic that, when compared, does notshow a statistically significant difference (e.g., p=0.05) from themean.

Tissue Culture: A composition comprising isolated cells of the same or adifferent type or a collection of such cells organized into parts of aplant.

Transgene: A genetic locus comprising a sequence which has beenintroduced into the genome of a spinach plant by transformation orsite-specific modification.

G. Deposit Information

A deposit of seed of spinach hybrid SVVC5883 and spinach line SSB-S019-1303F, disclosed above and recited in the claims, has been made with theProvasoli-Guillard National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota(NCMA), 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, Me., 04544 USA. The date ofdeposit for spinach hybrid SVVC5883 and spinach line SSB- 5019-1303F isApr. 12, 2021. The accession numbers for those deposited seeds ofspinach hybrid SVVC5883 and spinach line SSB-S019-1303F are NCMAAccession No. 202104018 and NCMA Accession No. 202104017, respectively.Upon issuance of a patent, all restrictions upon the deposits will beremoved, and the deposits are intended to meet all of the requirementsof 37 C.F.R. §§ 1.801-1.809. The deposits have been accepted under theBudapest Treaty and will be maintained in the depository for a period of30 years, 5 years after the last request, or the effective life of thepatent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if necessary duringthat period.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example for purposes of clarity andunderstanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modificationsmay be practiced within the scope of the invention, as limited only bythe scope of the appended claims.

All references cited herein are hereby expressly incorporated herein byreference.

What is claimed:
 1. A spinach plant comprising at least a first set ofchromosomes of spinach line SSB-S019-1303F, a sample of seed of saidline having been deposited under NCMA Accession No.
 202104017. 2. Aspinach seed that produces the plant of claim
 1. 3. The plant of claim1, wherein the plant is a plant of said spinach line SSB-S019-1303F. 4.The plant of claim 1, wherein the plant is a plant of spinach hybridSVVC5883, a sample of seed of said hybrid having been deposited underNCMA Accession No.
 202104018. 5. The seed of claim 2, wherein said seedis a seed of said spinach line SSB-S019-1303F.
 6. The seed of claim 2,wherein the seed is a seed of spinach hybrid SVVC5883, a sample of seedof said hybrid having been deposited under NCMA Accession No. 202104018.7. A plant part of the plant of claim 1, wherein said plant partcomprises a cell of said plant.
 8. A spinach plant having all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of the plant of claim 1.9. A tissue culture of regenerable cells of the plant of claim
 1. 10. Amethod of vegetatively propagating the plant of claim 1, the methodcomprising the steps of: (a) collecting tissue capable of beingpropagated from the plant of claim 1; and (b) propagating a spinachplant from said tissue.
 11. A method of introducing a trait into aspinach line, the method comprising: (a) utilizing as a recurrent parentthe plant of claim 1 by crossing said plant with a donor plant thatcomprises a trait to produce Fi progeny; (b) selecting an Fi progenythat comprises the trait; (c) backcrossing the selected Fi progeny witha plant of the same line used as the recurrent parent in step (a) toproduce backcross progeny; (d) selecting a backcross progeny thatcomprises the trait and otherwise comprises all of the morphological andphysiological characteristics of the recurrent parent line used in step(a); and (e) repeating steps (c) and (d) three or more times to producea selected fourth or higher backcross progeny.
 12. A spinach plantproduced by the method of claim
 11. 13. A method of producing a spinachplant comprising an added trait, the method comprising introducing atransgene conferring the trait into the plant of claim
 1. 14. A spinachplant produced by the method of claim
 13. 15. A spinach plant comprisingat least a first set of chromosomes of spinach line SSB-S019-1303F, asample of seed of said line having been deposited under NCMA AccessionNo. 202104017, further comprising a transgene.
 16. The plant of claim15, wherein said transgene confers a trait selected from the groupconsisting of male sterility, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance,pest resistance, disease resistance, modified fatty acid metabolism,environmental stress tolerance, modified carbohydrate metabolism, andmodified protein metabolism.
 17. A spinach plant comprising at least afirst set of chromosomes of spinach line SSB-S019-1303F, a sample ofseed of said line having been deposited under NCMA Accession No.202104017, further comprising a single locus conversion.
 18. The plantof claim 17, wherein said single locus conversion confers a traitselected from the group consisting of male sterility, herbicidetolerance, insect resistance, pest resistance, disease resistance,modified fatty acid metabolism, environmental stress tolerance, modifiedcarbohydrate metabolism, and modified protein metabolism.
 19. A methodfor producing a seed of a spinach plant derived from spinach hybridSVVC5883 or spinach line SSB-S019-1303F, the method comprising the stepsof: (a) crossing the plant of claim 1 with itself or a different spinachplant; and (b) allowing a seed of a spinach hybrid SVVC5883- or spinachline SSB-S019-1303F-derived spinach plant to form.
 20. A method ofproducing a seed of a spinach hybrid SVVC5883-or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F-derived spinach plant, the method comprising the stepsof: (a) producing a spinach hybrid SVVC5883- or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F-derived spinach plant from a seed produced by crossingthe plant of claim 1 with itself or a different spinach plant; and (b)crossing the spinach hybrid SVVC5883- or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F-derived spinach plant with itself or a different spinachplant to obtain a seed of a further spinach hybrid SVVC5883- or spinachline SSB-S019-1303F-derived spinach plant.
 21. The method of claim 20,the method further comprising repeating said producing and crossingsteps of (a) and (b) using the seed from said step (b) for producing theplant according to step (a) for at least one generation to produce aseed of an additional spinach hybrid SVVC5883- or spinach lineSSB-S019-1303F-derived spinach plant.
 22. A method of producing food,the method comprising: (a) obtaining the plant of claim 1, wherein theplant has been cultivated to maturity; and (b) collecting a plant partcapable of being used as food from said plant.